Observations have been made on the structure of the paranodal region at nodes of Ranvier in the sural nerve of patients with diabetic sensory polyneuropathy. The structure of the paranodes was examined with particular attention to the definition and assessment of axoglial dysjunction, which has been claimed to be a characteristic feature of both human and experimental diabetic neuropathy and which has been related to paranodal swelling. In the present series of cases it was not possible to confirm that axoglial dysjunction is a distinctive feature of diabetic polyneuropathy in fibres not undergoing active demyelination or wallerian-type degeneration, neither was excessive paranodal enlargement found.