Background: Overexpression of adhesion molecules in tissues of human neoplasms, including malignant melanoma, has been reported to be clinically relevant, but the predictive value of circulating adhesion molecules for clinical outcome and life expectancy in patients with primary malignant melanoma (PMM) and metastases of primary malignant melanoma (MMM) remains undetermined.
Objective: Our purpose was to examine the prognostic relevance of circulating adhesion molecules, namely circulating CD44 standard (cCD44std), and the isoforms CD44v5 (cv5), CD44v6 (cv6), and CD44v10(cv10), circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (cICAM-1), and circulating platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (cPECAM-1, CD31).
Methods: Levels of cCD44std, cv5, cv6, cv10, cICAM-1, and PECAM-1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in 119 patients with PMM and MMM, in 12 persons with dysplastic nevi (Clark's nevi), and in 28 patients with inflammatory cutaneous diseases.
Results: Patients with PMM, MMM, and inflammatory cutaneous diseases showed an elevation in levels of cCD44std and cICAM-1 compared with normal blood donors, but these levels were not significantly increased. Levels of cv5, cv6, and cv10 were not increased, and cPECAM-1 was only marginally elevated. Even in patients with clinically provable systemic or cutaneous metastases and in five patients who died of MMM, levels did not differ significantly compared with normal blood donors; this was also independent of the mode of therapy.
Conclusion: Circulating CD44std and the isoforms cv5, cv6, and cv10, cICAM-1, and cPECAM-1 were detectable in persons with dysplastic nevi and in patients with PMM and MMM. None of the measured adhesion molecules was significantly elevated and of prognostic relevance in any of the subgroups studied. However, some of the patients with PMM and MMM showed high levels of cCD44std and cICAM-1; that finding should prompt us to examine these patients in more detail.