Introduction: The presence of episodes of apnea (EA) in infants is very alarming and requires rapid, precise determination of the etiology in view of the relationship with the syndrome of sudden death of infants.
Material and methods: We therefore studied 16 patients, aged between 1 and 12 months, admitted to to hospital after having episodes where they stopped breathing for more than 15 seconds, with or without associated bradycardia. Patients with previous or associated convulsions, premature birth or low birth weight for gestational age were excluded from the study. In all cases a prolonged EEG was recorded.
Results: The commonest age of presentation of EA was 3-4 months. In one case there was a history of a sudden infant death occurring in a brother. The etiology was determined in 12 cases: gastroesophageal reflex in 5, epilepsy in 3, hyponatremia in 2, drug reaction in 1, bronchiolitis in 1 and hypoglycemia in another. In three cases where no cause was found the EA was not repeated, although apnea monitorization was necessary for several months because of the anxiety of the family.
Conclusions: Of the 3 cases in which EA was a critical epileptic sign, only 2 could be demonstrated on a Holter recording. In one of these, progress was poor and resistant crises of different morphology later occurred. We consider that EA in infants requires a thorough etiological study. Cases of unknown etiology require prolonged EEG recording to determine whether the apnea is cerebral in origin, followed by prolonged monitorization of apneas to avoid possible sudden death.