Brain hypothermia during ischemia may have a neuroprotective effect on pathological and functional outcomes in vivo. Although a microdialysis study demonstrated that hypothermia decreases glutamate release into the extracellular space, the issue of whether this suppression of the glutamate elevation normally accompanying ischemia is attributable to inhibition of intra-ischemic release or acceleration of post-ischemic re-uptake was not addressed. Recently, we established a real-time method for monitoring glutamate levels in extracellular space, utilizing a dialysis electrode. This method allows detailed analysis of the in vivo dynamics of biphasic glutamate elevation in the extracellular space during the intra-ischemic period and post-ischemic re-uptake. The present results show that post-ischemic hypothermia has little effect on the initial glutamate release, but remarkably enhances post-ischemic glutamate re-uptake.