We have discussed recent new findings on the presence and function of hCG/LH receptors in non-gonadal tissues with particular emphasis on the placenta. These findings support the hypothesis that hCG plays a broader role throughout pregnancy than previously believed. Since hCG is widely used in reproductive medicine, the possible impact of hCG treatment on non-gonadal tissues must be considered. In addition, the possible consequences of a relative excess or deficiency in hCG production or possible structural and functional defects in hCG and/or in its hCG receptors during pregnancy should be realized.