Review article of the actual level of knowledge about laparoscopic colorectal surgery and laparoscopic-assisted procedures. At present time laparoscopy for the cure of colorectal neoplasia should only be performed within prospective randomized trials. In the meantime it is perfectly appropriate to perform laparoscopy for palliation of metastatic disease. Patients with benign colorectal neoplasms can achieve better outcome if treated by laparoscopy rather than laparotomy. Other areas in which laparoscopy may be useful include enterolysis and possibly, treatment of rectal prolapse. Laparoscopy can be appropriately applied for the treatment of terminal ileal Crohn's disease, sigmoid diverticulitis, reversal of Hartmann's pouches and the construction of stomas.