Abstract
Interleukin-2 has pleiotropic actions on the immune system and plays a vital role in the modulation of immune responses. Our current understanding of IL-2 signaling has resulted from in vitro studies that have identified the signaling pathways activated by IL-2, including the Jak-STAT pathways, and from in vivo studies that have analyzed mice in which IL-2, each chain of the receptor, as well a number of signaling molecules have been individually targeted by homologous recombination. Moreover, mutations in IL-2Ralpha, gamma(c) and Jak3 have been found in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency. In addition, with the discovery that two components of the receptor, IL-2Rbeta and gamma(c), are shared by other cytokine receptors, we have an enhanced appreciation of the contributions of these molecules towards cytokine specificity, pleiotropy and redundancy.
MeSH terms
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Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing*
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Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport*
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Animals
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Cell Nucleus / immunology
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Cloning, Molecular
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Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport
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Gene Expression Regulation
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Humans
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Mice
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Phenotype
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Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / metabolism
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Phosphoproteins / metabolism
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Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / metabolism
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Proteins / metabolism
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Receptors, Interleukin-2 / chemistry
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Receptors, Interleukin-2 / genetics
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Receptors, Interleukin-2 / physiology*
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Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins
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Signal Transduction / immunology*
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Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1
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Transcription Factors / metabolism
Substances
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Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
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Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport
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Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport
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Phosphoproteins
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Proteins
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Receptors, Interleukin-2
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SHC1 protein, human
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STAM protein, human
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Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins
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Shc1 protein, mouse
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Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1
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Stam protein, mouse
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Transcription Factors
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Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
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Protein-Tyrosine Kinases