Purpose: Transanal stapled anastomosis has been associated with continence disturbances and reduced postoperative anal sphincter function. The aim of the present work was to study the effect of transanal stapling on anal sphincter morphology by endoanal ultrasound.
Methods: Thirty-nine consecutive patients undergoing stapled low anterior resection for rectal carcinoma were assessed. Each patient was assessed by endoluminal ultrasound before surgery, immediately after surgery, and at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 months after surgery.
Results: There were no preoperative internal anal sphincter defects observed. Three female patients were observed to have preoperative evidence of external anal sphincter defects. After low anterior resection, seven patients were found to have internal anal sphincter defects, which persisted after the two-year follow-up. There were no additional external anal sphincter injuries. Three patients with internal anal sphincter injuries required the use of pads for poor bowel function.
Conclusions: Up to 18 percent of patients who underwent stapled low anterior resection had long-term evidence of internal anal sphincter injury. The external sphincter does not appear to be affected by the procedure.