Cardiovascular and metabolic costs of forward, backward, and lateral motion

Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998 Sep;30(9):1419-23. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199809000-00011.

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the metabolic and cardiovascular responses of movement in forward (FM), backward (BM), and lateral (LM) directions.

Methods: Thirteen athletes with the following characteristics (mean +/- SD) were evaluated: age 21+/-3 yr, height 172.0+/-9.0 cm, weight 62.92+/-9.05 kg, and VO2max 54.13+/-7.42 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1). Subjects were evaluated at 80.45 and 134.08 m x min(-1). A repeated measures ANOVA was used for statistical analysis (P < 0.05).

Results: At 80.45 m x min(-1), the following respective VO2 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1) and heart rate (HR) beats x min(-1) responses were: FM = 12.42+/-2.29, 113+/-10; BM = 15.95+/-2.45, 132+/-16; and LM = 22.10+/-4.76, 140+/-15. Both VO2 and HR were significantly different between conditions: LM > BM > FM. At 134.08 m x min(-1), the following respective VO2 and HR responses were: FM = 27.15+/-2.51, 146+/-7; BM = 31.33+/-5.77, 168+/-11; and LM = 32.58+/-5.74, 169+/-10. At 134.08 m x min(-1) neither HR or VO2 were significantly different between LM or BM (LM, BM, > FM). Stride length and stride frequency were also significantly different between conditions. These results indicate the variation in the energy cost of FM, BM, and LM.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena*
  • Cross-Over Studies
  • Energy Metabolism / physiology*
  • Female
  • Heart Rate / physiology
  • Humans
  • Locomotion / physiology*
  • Male
  • Running / physiology