The Gut Microbial Metabolite Trimethylamine N -oxide, Incident CKD, and Kidney Function Decline

Affiliations

• ¹ Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts.
• ² Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio.
• ³ Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio.
• ⁴ Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
• ⁵ Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Houston, Texas.
• ⁶ Department of Food and Nutrition, Myongji University, Yongin, South Korea.
• ⁷ Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
• ⁸ Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
• ⁹ Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California.
• ¹⁰ Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
• ¹¹ Kidney Health Research Collaborative and Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Administration Medical Center and University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
• ¹² Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
• ¹³ The New York Academy of Medicine, New York, New York.
• ¹⁴ Department of Medicine (Nephrology), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.