Cataract surgery is the most common surgical procedure in the United States, and the likelihood of encountering complications from concurrent corneal disease and cataract surgery is great. The rise of pseudophakic bullous keratopathy as an indication for corneal transplantation reflects the current trend toward increasing corneal pathology arising from cataract surgery and intraocular lens complications. Attitudes regarding astigmatism have changed drastically. Cataract surgery, coupled with astigmatic procedures, is becoming the procedure of choice for visual rehabilitation. Congenital corneal conditions and systemic disease processes are also considered in this review.