HIV-1 infection is a major pandemic situation. With the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), morbidity and mortality associated with HIV-1 infection have been dramatically reduced. However, HAART does not enable eradication of the virus. The efficacy of these new regimens is limited by problems over long-term use such as toxicity and resistance. Therapeutic vaccination is an alternative approach to HIV-1 infection. The main aim is to boost and reinforce virus-specific host immune responses. Several immunogens and schedules of immunization have been tested. In this review, various strategies designed for therapeutic vaccines for HIV-1 infection are presented.