The use of high-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) to visualize penetration kinetics during the initial phase of chemical eye burns is evaluated. The changes in scattering properties and thickness of rabbit cornea ex vivo were monitored after topical application of different corrosives by time-resolved OCT imaging. Eye burn causes changes in the corneal microstructure due to chemical interaction or change in the hydration state as a result of osmotic imbalance. These changes compromise the corneal transparency. The associated increase in light scattering within the cornea is observed with high spatial and temporal resolution. Parameters affecting the severity of pathophysiological damage associated with chemical eye burns like diffusion velocity and depth of penetration are obtained. We demonstrate the potential of high-resolution OCT for the visualization and direct noninvasive measurement of specific interaction of chemicals with the eye. This work opens new horizons in clinical evaluation of chemical eye burns, eye irritation testing, and product testing for chemical and pharmacological products.