The development of neurosurgery at Emory University has paralleled the evolution of the science and practice of neurosurgery during the 20th century. This article features those individuals who have influenced and nurtured neurosurgery at Emory. It discusses the contributions of Crawford W. Long and further traces the development of the Emory University School of Medicine and Grady Memorial Hospital. Those individuals who have led neurosurgery at Emory are emphasized. Finally, the current Emory Department of Neurosurgery is featured, including facilities, faculty, and areas of subspecialty expertise.