The Healthcare Matrix is a tool developed at Vanderbilt University Medical Center which assesses the care of patients using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) competencies and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) Aims for Improvement. House staff have been using this tool since 2004 as a means of learning the competencies in the daily care of patients. As the residents fill in the cells of the Matrix, the opportunities for improvement become evident. Anesthesia interns were introduced to the Matrix at bimonthly meetings to analyze a real case of complex and/or flawed patient management. Each resident completed his/her own Matrix and then the group selected one Matrix as their improvement project. This article will present one Matrix case, how quality improvement (QI) tools and methods were utilized and what resulting improvements were made. The analyzed case revealed numerous flaws with nonstandardized handoffs, incorrect and insufficient documentation, and unclear roles/responsibilities. An ideal process flowchart was developed highlighting improved handoffs and the need for a new admitting policy to the intensive care unit (ICU). The Healthcare Matrix is an effective tool for teaching the ACGME competencies in patient care. The resequencing of the competencies in the Matrix makes it easy to identify where improvements are needed. When taught the tools and methods of quality improvement, even interns can make a significant contribution to the improvement of patient care.