This article presents neuroophthalmological conditions that may typically cause ocular pain. Particular attention is paid to the description of two cases of headache and facial pain where after a long diagnostic history the correct reason for the pain was only discovered via subtle diagnostic findings. This is exceptionally important as primary headaches are a main reason for ocular pain on the one hand but on the other hand they do not show unambiguous findings, therefore a definite exclusion of primary sources causing the pain is required before making this diagnosis.