End-stage renal disease after hypertensive disorders in pregnancy

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term postpartum risk of end-stage renal disease in women with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Although most women with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy recover after delivery, some may experience acute renal failure.

Study design: We searched Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database to identify women with hypertensive disorders in pregnancies and deliveries between 1998 and 2002. All cases were followed for a maximum of 11 years (median, 9 years; interquartile range, 7.79-10.02 years) to estimate the incidence of end-stage renal disease; Cox regression analysis that was adjusted for potential confounding was used to determine the relative risk.

Results: Of the 13,633 women with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, 46 experienced end-stage renal disease. Women with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy had a risk of end-stage renal disease that was 10.64 times greater than did women without them (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.53-15.05). The risk was highest in women with a history of preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension (hazard ratio, 44.72; 95% CI, 22.59-88.51). Women with gestational hypertension had a higher risk of end-stage renal disease than did women without hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (hazard ratio, 5.82; 95% CI, 2.15-15.77).

Conclusion: Women with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy have a higher risk of postpartum end-stage renal disease, regardless of which type of hypertensive disorder they have. Women with a history of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy are encouraged to have regular postpartum checkups, especially of renal function.

Keywords: hypertensive disorder; renal disease.