Brow/Upper lid anatomy, aging and aesthetic analysis

Gregory Branham; John B Holds

doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2015.01.001

Brow/Upper lid anatomy, aging and aesthetic analysis

Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2015 May;23(2):117-27. doi: 10.1016/j.fsc.2015.01.001.

Authors

Gregory Branham¹, John B Holds²

Affiliations

¹ Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8115, St Louis, MO 63110 USA.
² Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University, 1755 South Grand Boulevard, St Louis, MO 63104, USA; Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Saint Louis University, 3635 Vista Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA. Electronic address: jholds@sbcglobal.net.

PMID: 25921563
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsc.2015.01.001

Abstract

The upper eyelid serves the important anatomic function of protecting the eye and rewetting the cornea to maintain vision. The complex dynamic action of the upper eyelid explains its relatively complex anatomy. The brow has an important supportive role. Studies have revealed facial characteristics perceived as youthful and aged, and the anatomic basis of these changes is defined at many levels. Characteristic aging changes in the upper eyelid and brow create an appearance of aging and opportunities for functional and aesthetic improvement.

Keywords: Blepharochalasis; Blepharoplasty; Brow; Browlift; Dermatochalasis; Ptosis; Upper eyelid.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Aging*
Esthetics*
Eyelids / anatomy & histology*
Forehead / anatomy & histology*
Humans