Incidence and 1-Year Outcomes of Perioperative Atrial Arrhythmia in Elderly Adults After Hip Fracture Surgery

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the incidence and 1-year outcomes of an elderly population with perioperative atrial arrhythmia (PAA) within 7 days of hip fracture surgery.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: The Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP).

Participants: Elderly adults consecutive undergoing hip fracture repair from 1988 to 2002 in Olmsted County, Minnesota (N = 1,088, mean age 84.0 ± 7.4, 80.2% female).

Measurements: Baseline clinical variables were analyzed in relation to survival using Cox proportional hazards methods for comparison.

Results: Sixty-one participants (5.6%) developed PAA within the first 7 days. During 1 year of follow-up, 239 (22%) participants died. PAA was associated with greater mortality (45% vs 21%; hazard ratio (HR) = 2.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.9-4.2). Other mortality risk factors were male sex (HR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.5-2.6), congestive heart failure (HR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.7-2.8), chronic renal insufficiency (HR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.5-2.8), dementia (HR = 2.9, 95% CI = 2.2-3.7), and American Society of Anesthesiologists risk Class III, IV, or V (HR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.9-5.9).

Conclusion: Elderly adults undergoing hip fracture surgery who develop PAA within 7 days have significantly higher 1-year mortality than those who do not. Further studies are indicated to determine whether prevention of PAA will reduce mortality in this population.

Keywords: aged; cardiac arrhythmias; hip fractures; postoperative complication.