Norovirus Infection in Older Adults: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Opportunities for Prevention and Control

Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2017 Dec;31(4):839-870. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2017.07.012. Epub 2017 Sep 12.

Abstract

Norovirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis. In older adults, it is responsible for an estimated 3.7 million illnesses; 320,000 outpatient visits; 69,000 emergency department visits; 39,000 hospitalizations; and 960 deaths annually in the United States. Older adults are particularly at risk for severe outcomes, including prolonged symptoms and death. Long-term care facilities and hospitals are the most common settings for norovirus outbreaks in developed countries. Diagnostic platforms are expanding. Several norovirus vaccines in clinical trials have the potential to reap benefits. This review summarizes current knowledge on norovirus infection in older adults.

Keywords: Gastroenteritis; Long-term care; Norovirus; Older adults; Vaccine.

Publication types

  • Review
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Caliciviridae Infections / epidemiology
  • Caliciviridae Infections / prevention & control*
  • Caliciviridae Infections / virology*
  • Humans
  • Infection Control
  • Norovirus*
  • Nursing Homes
  • Risk Factors
  • Viral Vaccines / immunology

Substances

  • Viral Vaccines