Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of intraprostatic injection of prophylactic antibiotics for the prevention of infections following transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsy.
Methods: In this prospective interventional study, patients aged between 40 and 70 years with clinical indications for transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsy were enrolled. Consecutive patients who received intraprostatic injection of amikacin coupled with oral ciprofloxacin were compared with historical controls receiving only prophylactic oral fluoroquinolones prior to biopsy. Patients were followed for 7 days after biopsy for signs and symptoms of infection.
Results: A total of 210 patients were included in this study (mean age 65.7 ± 7.8 years). Among patients without intraprostatic injection, nine (8.6%) developed infectious complications (lower urinary tract infection in seven patients, and prostatitis in two), which led to hospitalization in six patients (5.7%). None of the patients who received intraprostatic antibiotic injection developed infectious complications. The difference in the incidence of post-transrectal ultrasonography-guided biopsy infections between the two groups was statistically significant (P = 0.003).
Conclusion: Local intraprostatic antibiotic injection during transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsy adjuvant to oral fluoroquinolones can significantly reduce the rate of post-biopsy infectious complications.
Keywords: infection prophylaxis; prostate; prostate biopsy; transrectal ultrasonography.
© 2021 The Japanese Urological Association.