Purpose: Methods of injection into the suprachoroidal space (SCS) have been developed for larger animals and humans, but reliable administration to the SCS of rodents remains challenging given their substantially smaller eyes. Here, we developed microneedle (MN)-based injectors for SCS delivery in rats and guinea pigs.
Methods: We optimized key design features, including MN size and tip characteristics, MN hub design, and eye stabilization, to maximize injection reliability. Performance of the injection technique was characterized in rats (n = 13) and guinea pigs (n = 3) in vivo using fundoscopy and histological examinations to validate targeted SCS delivery.
Results: To enable SCS injection across the thin rodent sclera, the injector featured an ultrasmall, hollow MN measuring 160 µm in length for rats and 260 µm for guinea pigs. To control MN interaction with the scleral surface, we incorporated a three-dimensional (3D) printed needle hub to restrict scleral deformation at the injection site. A MN tip outer diameter of 110 µm and bevel angle of 55° optimized insertion without leakage. Additionally, a 3D printed probe was used to secure the eye by applying gentle vacuum. Injection by this technique took 1 minute to perform, was conducted without an operating microscope, and yielded a 100% success rate (19 of 19) of SCS delivery determined by fundoscopy and histology. A 7-day safety study revealed no notable adverse ocular effects.
Conclusions: We conclude that this simple, targeted, and minimally invasive injection technique can enable SCS injection in rats and guinea pigs.
Translational relevance: This MN injector for rats and guinea pigs will expand and expedite preclinical investigations involving SCS delivery.