In a prospective study of 328 high-risk neonates, we used computer-assisted logistic regression of 47 potential risk factors to study acute retinopathy of prematurity. Only four factors were significant in the logistic regression equation: ventilator hours, xanthine administration, birthweight, and maternal bleeding. Xanthine administration was identified as a new independent and significant (P less than .0001) predictor of acute retinopathy of prematurity.