Purpose: To describe the most important cause of infectious posterior uveitis in pediatric patients.
Methods: Review of the literature.
Results: The most important causes of infectious uveitis in pediatric patients are: cat-scratch disease, toxocariasis, tuberculosis, viral diseases and toxoplasmosis. Ocular manifestations include retinitis, neuroretinitis, choroidal granulomas, peripheral granulomas and posterior pole granulomas.
Conclusion: Infectious posterior uveitis is a challenging subject and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any posterior uveitis in children. Infectious uveitis must be excluded before initiating immunosuppressive therapy.
Keywords: Cat scratch; pediatric uveitis; toxocariasis; toxoplasmosis; tuberculosis; viral infections.