BRCA-associated protein1 (BAP1) immunohistochemical stain reliability in postbrachytherapy uveal melanoma enucleation specimens

Maya Eiger-Moscovich; Carol L Shields; Ralph C Eagle Jr; Tatyana Milman

doi:10.4103/IJO.IJO_648_23

BRCA-associated protein1 (BAP1) immunohistochemical stain reliability in postbrachytherapy uveal melanoma enucleation specimens

Indian J Ophthalmol. 2024 May 1;72(Suppl 3):S459-S467. doi: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_648_23. Epub 2024 Feb 5.

Authors

Maya Eiger-Moscovich^{1

2}, Carol L Shields³, Ralph C Eagle Jr¹, Tatyana Milman¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pathology, Wills Eye Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
² Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
³ Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

PMID: 38324631
DOI: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_648_23

Abstract

Purpose: The BRCA-associated protein1 (BAP1) immunohistochemical (IHC) stain has emerged as a powerful and inexpensive prognostic tool in uveal melanoma (UM), correlating with UM genetics and outcome. The data on the reliability of BAP1 immunohistochemistry in previously irradiated UM is scant. We aim to assess BAP1 IHC in post-Iodine-125 plaque brachytherapy-treated UM-enucleated eyes.

Methods: In a case-control study, the medical records of all patients who underwent enucleation for UM at a major Ocular Oncology Service from December 1 st , 2007 to December 31 st , 2014 were reviewed. All cases with either chromosome 3 (ch3) status or sufficient follow-up (>5 years or metastasis) were selected. Nuclear BAP1 (nBAP1) immunoreactivity was interpreted as intact (positive in >90% of nuclei), lost (positive in <5% of nuclei), or heterogeneous (positive in 5-90% of nuclei). Retina and intratumoral blood vessels served as internal positive controls.

Results: A comparison of 34 postbrachytherapy UM secondary-enucleated eyes with 47 nonbrachytherapy primary enucleated controls revealed no significant difference with respect to nBAP1 IHC (lost in 41% vs 51%, P = 0.19), ch3 status (ch3 monosomy in 59% vs 60%, P = 0.48), and outcome (metastatic disease in 44% vs 47%, P = 0.8). Association of nBAP1 IHC with ch3 status and outcome [intact nBAP1/(ch3 disomy and/or no metastasis) and lost nBAP1 (ch3 monosomy and/or metastasis)] in post-brachytherapy UM was significantly lower when compared with non-brachytherapy tumors [21/30 (70%) vs 41/44 (93%), P = 0.004*].

Conclusion: Although nBAP1 IHC stain is a strong prognostic tool in UM, its association with ch3 status, and outcome in postbrachytherapy UM was significantly lower compared with nonbrachytherapy tumors due to pitfalls in the interpretation of nBAP1 immunoreactivity in irradiated UM. This test should be used judiciously in the prognostication of postbrachytherapy-enucleated UM.