Efficacy of off-the-shelf bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for pediatric steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease

Hirohito Kubota; Yuki Arakawa; Yoshitaka Mizushima; Tomoya Irikura; Mai Watakabe; Takahiro Ishikawa; Ryota Kaneko; Mamoru Honda; Yuichi Mitani; Kohei Fukuoka; Makiko Mori; Koichi Oshima; Katsuyoshi Koh

doi:10.31547/bct-2023-020

Efficacy of off-the-shelf bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for pediatric steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease

Blood Cell Ther. 2023 Dec 15;7(1):1-9. doi: 10.31547/bct-2023-020. eCollection 2024 Feb 25.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan.
² Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.

Abstract

Introduction: Temcell is a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) product approved for steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease (SR-aGVHD) in Japan. However, reports regarding Temcell's efficacy in pediatric patients have been scarce, and the appropriate use of MSC therapy against pediatric SR-aGVHD also remains to be determined.

Patients and methods: We retrospectively assessed a cohort of pediatric patients treated with Temcell for SR-aGVHD following allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation. MSCs were infused intravenously at a dose of 2 × 10⁶ cells/kg according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Results: Twelve patients received eighteen cycles of MSC therapy (median age, 10.3 [1.7-17.8] years), with four receiving additional cycles (one cycle: n = 3, three cycles: n = 1). The severity of aGVHD before MSC therapy was grade I-II in three patients and grade III-IV in nine patients (gut stage 3-4, n= 7; liver stage 3-4; n =2). The median number of immunosuppressive therapy regimens received prior to MSC administration was two (range: 1-5). The first MSC cycle displayed the best overall response rate of 83%, including six patients with a complete response (CR) and with a 49% reduction in the mean daily dose of prednisone after eight weeks. The median time to first response was 3.5 days (range: 2-15 days). Two of the four patients who were re-administered MSCs for recurrent or persistent GVHD achieved a CR. The three-year overall survival rate was 69.4%, while the three-year failure free survival (FFS) rate was 22.2%, with a median FFS of 4.9 months. There were no observable side effects of MSC therapy.

Conclusions: MSC therapy appears to be an effective and safe treatment for pediatric SR-aGVHD, with a steroid-sparing effect and satisfactory efficacy upon re-administration. Further studies are needed to determine its appropriate combination with additional treatments and the optimal use of re-administration of MSCs.

Keywords: mesenchymal stem cell; pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease; temcell.