Oxfendazole Nitazoxanide combination in experimental neurocysticercosis - Anti-inflammatory and cysticidal effects

Jefferson Aber Alves Araújo; Taynara Cristina Gomes; Vanessa Cindy Neres Lima; Yngrid Batista da Silva; Ruy de Souza Lino Junior; Marina Clare Vinaud

doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108764

Oxfendazole Nitazoxanide combination in experimental neurocysticercosis - Anti-inflammatory and cysticidal effects

Exp Parasitol. 2024 Apr 25:262:108764. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108764. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Jefferson Aber Alves Araújo¹, Taynara Cristina Gomes¹, Vanessa Cindy Neres Lima¹, Yngrid Batista da Silva¹, Ruy de Souza Lino Junior¹, Marina Clare Vinaud²

Affiliations

¹ Tropical Pathology and Public Health Institute, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74605-050, Brazil.
² Tropical Pathology and Public Health Institute, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74605-050, Brazil. Electronic address: mvinaud@ufg.br.

PMID: 38677580
DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108764

Abstract

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium. The complications of NCC include seizures, headaches, cognitive impairment, and focal neurological deficits. In addition to antiparasitic drugs and surgery, the management of NCC includes the use of corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and control symptoms. The traditional treatment with albendazole and praziquantel has not been altered over 30 years and present several side effects. There are other anti-helminthic drugs such as oxfendazole and nitazoxanide that may show efficacy in NCC treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the histopathologic aspects of experimental NCC after in vivo treatment with the combination of oxfendazole and nitazoxanide. Balb/c mice were infected with T. crassiceps cysticerci and divided into groups of 10 animals each that received a single dose through gavage as follows: group treated with NaCl 0.9% (control group); group treated by monotherapy of the anti-helminthic drugs, 30 mg/kg in single dose of oxfendazole (OXF) or nitazoxanide (NTZ); and groups treated with the combination of the drugs (OXF/NTZ group). Macroscopic and microscopic analysis were performed. There was greater presence of final stage cysticerci after treatment. The microscopic analysis of the general pathological processes showed that the monotherapy with all treatment groups induced higher perivasculitis than what was observed in the control group. In contrast, the combination treatment showed a lower observation of PMN and MN inflammatory infiltration in comparison to the other treatments and to the control one. These results show that indeed the association of benzimidazole derivatives which present both anti-helminthic and anti-inflammatory properties with other cysticidal drugs are beneficial for the NCC treatment in which the aim is to destroy parasite without inducing inflammatory damage in the brain tissue.

Keywords: Drug combination; Experimental neurocysticercosis; Histopathological aspects; Nitazoxanide; Oxfendazole.