Extrinsic Environmental Variables: The Umwelt of Research Animals and the Implications for the 3Rs and Study Reproducibility

Affiliations

• ¹ Turner Scientific, Jacksonville, Illinois; jturner@turnerscientific. com.
• ² Research Animal Resources, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
• ³ Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.
• ⁴ University Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
• ⁵ Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
• ⁶ Rutledge, Tennessee.