Purpose: To compare operative time and case characteristics of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repairs between academic and community vitreoretinal surgeons.
Design: A retrospective, observational clinical study.
Subjects: Patients who underwent primary RRD repair surgeries at Massachusetts Eye and Ear between 2019 and 2021.
Methods: A random sample of 20 vitreoretinal surgeons distributed evenly among the academic or community setting was selected. Fifteen consecutive cases of primary RRD repair surgeries were included from each surgeon. A cost analysis was performed for the teaching modifier for the physician fee and for hospital costs.
Main outcome measures: Length of surgery.
Results: Of 300 primary RRD repairs, fellows were present in 75%, which comprised all academic surgeon cases and 50% of community surgeon cases, P < 0.001. Mean operation length was shorter for community surgeon cases without fellows (55.0 ± 24.1) than either academic (73.0 ± 30.8) or community surgeon cases with fellows (75.7 ± 32.5) (P < 0.001). There was a higher percentage of macula-off RRDs in academic versus community surgeon cases (52.7% vs. 38.0%, P = 0.002) and higher rates of combined scleral buckle (SB)/pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) repairs (14% vs. 3%, P < 0.001). When excluding combined SB/PPV cases, there was no difference in operative time between academic and community surgeon cases. Among RRDs repaired by PPV only, there was a 31.4% (16.6 minutes) greater procedure duration in cases with fellows compared with cases without fellows (P < 0.001). Covariates associated with greater surgery time: addition of an SB (β = 32.6), membrane peel (β = 18.5), presence of a fellow (β = 14.5), proliferative vitreoretinopathy (β = 12.8), and greater number of retinal breaks (β = 2.4). The teaching modifier adds 16% extra reimbursement ($184.16) to the physician fee, which is 50.9% of what is necessary to cover the percentage increase in surgeon time (31.4%). Using a time-driven activity-based costing for hospital costs, the extra 16.6 minutes leads to an additional $1038.00, which is 5.6 times more than the reimbursement for the modifier.
Conclusions: Retinal detachment repair cases performed by academic surgeons are more likely to be macula-off and include the addition of an SB, which drive longer operative times. Medicare's reimbursement of the assistant modifier in a teaching facility significantly undercompensates the time-driven activity-based costing of trainee participation.
Financial disclosure(s): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
Keywords: Academic; Community; Operative time; Practice setting; Retinal detachment repair.
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