Abstract
Cell proliferation and differentiation are regulated by growth regulatory factors such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and the liphophilic hormone vitamin D. TGF-beta causes activation of SMAD proteins acting as coactivators or transcription factors in the nucleus. Vitamin D controls transcription of target genes through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Smad3, one of the SMAD proteins downstream in the TGF-beta signaling pathway, was found in mammalian cells to act as a coactivator specific for ligand-induced transactivation of VDR by forming a complex with a member of the steroid receptor coactivator-1 protein family in the nucleus. Thus, Smad3 may mediate cross-talk between vitamin D and TGF-beta signaling pathways.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors
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Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / pharmacology
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COS Cells
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Calcitriol / metabolism*
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Calcitriol / pharmacology
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Cell Nucleus / metabolism
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DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism*
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Histone Acetyltransferases
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Ligands
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Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1
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Phosphorylation
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Receptor Cross-Talk
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Receptors, Calcitriol / metabolism*
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Receptors, Cell Surface / metabolism
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Receptors, Growth Factor*
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Receptors, Retinoic Acid / metabolism
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Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / metabolism
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Recombinant Fusion Proteins / metabolism
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Retinoid X Receptors
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Signal Transduction
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Smad3 Protein
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Trans-Activators / metabolism*
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Transcription Factors / metabolism
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Transcriptional Activation*
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Transfection
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Transforming Growth Factor beta / metabolism*
Substances
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Bone Morphogenetic Proteins
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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Ligands
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Receptors, Calcitriol
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Receptors, Cell Surface
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Receptors, Growth Factor
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Receptors, Retinoic Acid
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Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta
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Recombinant Fusion Proteins
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Retinoid X Receptors
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Smad3 Protein
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Trans-Activators
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Transcription Factors
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Transforming Growth Factor beta
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Histone Acetyltransferases
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Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1
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Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors
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Calcitriol