The influence of epitope availability on atomic-force microscope studies of antigen-antibody interactions

Biochem J. 1999 Jul 1;341 ( Pt 1)(Pt 1):173-8.

Abstract

The ability of the atomic-force microscope (AFM) to detect interaction forces between individual biological molecules has recently been demonstrated. In this study, force measurements have been obtained between AFM probes functionalized with the beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin (betahCG) and surfaces functionalized with anti-betahCG antibody. A comparison of the obtained results with previous anti-ferritin antibody-binding data identifies differences when the antigen molecule expresses only a single epitope (betahCG), rather than multiple epitopes (ferritin), for the monoclonal antibodies employed. Specifically, the probability of observing probe-sample adhesion is found to be higher when the antigen expresses multiple epitopes. However, the periodic force observed in the adhesive-force distribution, due to the rupture of single antigen-antibody interactions, is found to be larger and more clearly observed for the mono-epitopic system. Hence, these findings indicate the potential of the AFM to distinguish between multivalent and monovalent antibody-antigen interactions, and demonstrate the influence of the number of expressed epitopes upon such binding studies.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adhesiveness
  • Antibodies / immunology
  • Antigen-Antibody Reactions*
  • Antigens / immunology
  • Chorionic Gonadotropin / immunology*
  • Chorionic Gonadotropin / ultrastructure
  • Epitopes*
  • Ferritins / immunology
  • Ferritins / ultrastructure
  • Humans
  • Microscopy, Atomic Force*
  • Models, Immunological
  • Protein Binding

Substances

  • Antibodies
  • Antigens
  • Chorionic Gonadotropin
  • Epitopes
  • Ferritins