Rates of coronary artery disease (CAD) increase sharply after menopause. We examined the hypotheses that high iron stores, as measured by plasma ferritin levels, are a risk factor for CAD and that the increase in iron stores after menopause is at least in part responsible for the rise in CAD in women. We also investigated measurement error of plasma ferritin using a Bayesian conditional independence model and incorporated it into the estimation of the odds ratio (OR) for males. Cases had >/=1 coronary artery stenosis >/=70%. Controls had no visible coronary lesions on angiography. The median plasma ferritin level was 48 mg/L (interquartile range: 28 to 86) among 244 cases and 45 mg/l (24 to 85) among 140 controls. The multivariate analyses among females, males, and females and males combined did not support an association between plasma ferritin levels and CAD (OR for one unit change in log ferritin 1.01, 95% CI 0.71-1.44, OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.66-1.37 and OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.75-1.21, respectively). Accounting for the measurement error of ferritin in males slightly improved the precision of the estimate of the OR but did not unmask an association (OR: 0.94, 95% CI 0.69-1.30). We conclude that high ferritin levels before or after menopause are not associated with CAD. Measurement error might be considered in situations where a one-time measurement is assumed to be representative of long-term exposure.