The purpose of this study was to determine whether [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) can be used to evaluate muscle force production, create anatomic images of muscle activity, and resolve the distribution of metabolic activity within exercising skeletal muscle. Seventeen subjects performed either elbow flexion, elbow extension, or ankle plantar flexion after intravenous injection of FDG. PET imaging was performed subsequently, and FDG uptake was measured in skeletal muscle for each task. A fivefold increase in resistance during elbow flexion increased FDG uptake in the biceps brachii by a factor of 4. 9. Differences in relative FDG uptake were demonstrated as exercise tasks and loads were varied, permitting differentiation of active muscles. The intramuscular distribution of FDG within exercising biceps brachii varied along the transverse and longitudinal axes of the muscle; coefficients of variation along these axes were 0.39 and 0.23, respectively. These findings suggest FDG PET is capable of characterizing task-specific muscle activity and measuring intramuscular variations of glucose metabolism within exercising skeletal muscle.