Vitiligo is a skin disease in which melanocytes (MCs) are eradicated from lesional epidermis, resulting in disfiguring loss of pigment. MCs are destroyed by MC-reactive T cells, as well as other non-immune and immune components. Similarities exist between the autoimmunity observed in vitiligo and the tumour immunity observed in melanoma immuno-surveillance. An analysis of these mechanisms might lead to the development of new therapies for both vitiligo and melanoma.