To investigate the differences between orthopedists and internists in indications for surgical management in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a questionnaire-based survey was performed on the Internet with the presentation of a case of progressive RA along with serial X-ray films of the knee. Ninety-three doctors (43 orthopedists and 50 internists, average age: 49.2 years) answered the questionnaire. Most of the doctors who viewed the X-ray film showing Larsen's grade IV chose that as the optimal time for total knee arthroplasty. No difference was noted in their choice between orthopedists and internists. Opinions varied widely, however, among younger doctors, but there was agreement among older doctors, suggesting the effect of the study and experience. On the other hand, some doctors recommended arthroscopic synovectomy for knees in the earlier stages of RA, but others did not recommend the arthroscopic surgery itself. Although this new methodology might include possible biases, we believe it should be considered in the research of rheumatology.