The treatment of Multiple Myeloma (MM), a malignant plasma cell disorder has changed considerably over the past decade. It has been convincingly shown that intensive treatment supported by autologous stem cell reinfusion is superior to conventional chemotherapy with alkylating agents or vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethasone (VAD) alone in terms of a more rapid response and a longer disease-free survival. However, cure is not achieved in the majority of patients. Several trials have therefore focussed on repeated intensive treatments in order to improve the survival of these patients. Other approaches are aimed at identifying patients on the basis of prognostic factors, who may benefit from high-dose therapy. This review discusses the recent developments in intensive therapy for multiple myeloma.