The recent sequencing of the human genome, resulting from two independent global efforts, is poised to revolutionize all aspects of human health. This landmark achievement has also vindicated two differeint methodologies that can now be used to target other important large genomes. The human genome sequence has revealed several novel/surprising features notably the probable presence of a mere 30-35,000 genes. In depth comparisons have led to classification of protein families and identification of several orthologues and paralogues. Information regarding non-protein coding genes as well as regulatory regions has thrown up several new areas of research. Although still incomplete, the sequence is poised to become a boon to pharmaceutical companies with the promise of delivering several new drug targets. Several ethical concerns have also been raised and need to be addressed in earnest. This review discusses all these aspects and dwells on the possible impact of the human genome sequence on human health, medicine and also health care delivery system.