Purpose: To evaluate the outcome and patterns of failure in women with pathologic Stage I-II papillary serous carcinoma of the uterus and to discuss the implications for adjuvant radiation therapy (RT).
Methods: Twenty-three pathologic Stage I-II uterine papillary serous carcinoma patients were treated at our institution between 1980 and 2001. All underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and assessment of peritoneal cytology. Pelvic and para-aortic lymph node sampling was performed in 12 and 8 patients, respectively. FIGO stages were as follows: IA = 3, IB = 8, IC = 6, IIA = 5, and IIB = 1. Adjuvant therapies included the following: 9 none, 10 RT (6 pelvic, 1 vaginal brachytherapy, 3 both), 4 chemotherapy, and 1 hormonal therapy. No patient received whole abdominal radiation therapy or para-aortic RT. Disease-free survival, pelvic recurrence-free survival, and cause-specific survival were estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier, and prognostic factors were analyzed by the log-rank test. Median follow-up was 38.7 months (range: 3-109 months).
Results: The 5-year actuarial disease-free survival and cause-specific survival for the entire group was 41% and 73.6%, respectively. Nine patients developed recurrent disease. Five failed in the pelvis, of which 4 relapsed in the vagina. No pelvic failures occurred in women treated with adjuvant RT. Patients treated with adjuvant RT had a better 5-year actuarial pelvic recurrence-free survival (100% vs. 57.5%, p = 0.06) than patients treated with surgery alone. Two patients failed in the abdomen. However, neither developed an isolated abdominal recurrence. Six patients failed in distant sites, primarily the lungs and bone.
Conclusion: Although patients with pathologic Stage I-II uterine papillary serous carcinomas have organ-confined disease, recurrence is common, particularly in the pelvis and distant sites. Our results suggest that adjuvant RT reduces the risk of pelvic failure. Contrary to traditional assumptions, however, abdominal recurrence was uncommon in our patients, despite the lack of whole abdominal radiation therapy. Our results support the use of pelvic RT in these patients. Future studies should investigate the role of adjuvant chemotherapy.