The cure rate for cancer in children is currently almost 75%. This rate has remained fairly constant over the past few years, which suggests that the limits of today's curative treatment potential have been reached. The development of cell therapy techniques opens up new therapeutic possibilities in paediatric oncology. Here, we deal both with a number of cell therapy techniques, which have already proved their efficacy in children, and other more innovative approaches, which require validation. Examples of the use of autologous and allogeneic cells are described. Clinical studies and their results, while often preliminary, are reported. The importance of well run clinical research, a clear and progressive legal framework and the necessary substantial economic support for the development of cell therapy are underlined.