Objective: Many treatments and procedures have been tested to reduce complications after myocardial infarction. Our objective was to assess in this clinical situation the best evidence-based medicine revascularization strategy including the most recently developed interventions such as thrombolysis, angioplasty, stent implantation and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GpIIb/IIIa) antagonists.
Material and methods: We performed the meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials by testing the addition of a stent to primary angioplasty, the addition of GpIIb/IIIa antagonists to primary angioplasty, the addition of GpIIb/IIa antagonists to primary angioplasty + stent and finally addition of GpIIb/IIIa antagonists to thrombolytics. The primary outcome was the combined endpoint of death or myocardial infarction or urgent revascularization at 1 month.
Results: The combined endpoint was significantly reduced by 31% (95% CI: 11% - 47%) at 30 days when stent was added to primary angioplasty. GpIIb/IIIa blockers provided an additional benefit by reducing the combined criteria by 50% (95% CI: 27% - 66%) in patients who underwent primary angioplasty, and by 42% (95% CI: 16% - 60%) when associated with angioplasty and stent implantation. Administration of GpIIb/IIIa in addition to thrombolytics, aspirin and heparin was associated with a significant reduction in the combined criteria by 17% (95% CI: 10% - 23%) and a significant excess of major bleeding by 69% (95% CI: 38% - 109%). However, the risk/benefit ratio indicates that patients with this association should be treated with the corresponding doses used in these trials.
Conclusion: In acute myocardial infarction, stent implantation provides therapeutic benefit when added to primary angioplasty. The addition of GpIIb/IIIa blockers appears to provide further benefit if bleeding complications are minimized.