The nutritional status and the function of a renal graft are satisfactory in kidney transplantation patients who observe their dietary prescription. A reduction in maximal exercise test capacity in kidney transplant recipients are thought to be a consequence of uremic muscle dysfunction and also of changes in muscle structure associated with immunosuppressive therapy. Daily regular physical activity is recommended. Patients with a functioning renal transplant, as well as hemodialyzed patients, have an increased risk for development of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and obesity. The reduction of obesity and of cardiovascular risk factors in these patients are goals to be obtained by adequate nutrition, exercise, and physical activity.