Background: Cases of respiratory failure at presentation in children with anterior mediastinal malignancies can be very challenging for clinicians. Seven consecutive children presenting with superior mediastinal syndrome are reported needing urgent critical care approach.
Patients and methods: Seven children (age range from 0.8 to 14 years; mean, 4.5 years) suffered from critical mediastinal neoplasms. Clinical presentation, laboratory findings, treatment, and outcome are discussed.
Setting: a tertiary-care 6-bed medical and surgical pediatric intensive care in a university hospital. Interventions included emergency management, resuscitation and intensive care admission, and diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
Results: All cases showed a respiratory compromise and underwent ventilatory and/or cardiovascular support. Two patients needed renal replacement therapy. Pediatric Intensive Care Unit discharge was achieved in all patients.
Conclusions: Critical or extreme presentation of mediastinal neoplasms does not preclude a good clinical outcome: an intensive care approach is essential to allow patient recovery and effective antineoplastic therapy administration.