Significant mortality is associated with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) in kidney transplant recipients (KTX). Univariate/multivariate risk factor survival analysis of US PTLD KTX reported to Israel Penn International Transplant Tumor Registry from November 1968 to January 2000 was performed. PTLD presented 18 (median) (range 1-310) months in 402 KTX. Death rates were greater for those diagnosed within 6 months (64%) versus beyond 6 months (54%, p = 0.04). No differences in death risk for gender, race, immunosuppression, EBV, B or T cell positivity were identified. Death risk increased for multiple versus single sites (73% vs. 53%, hazards ratio (HR) 1.4). A 1-year increase in age increased HR for death by 2%. Surgery was associated with increased survival (55% vs. 0% without surgery) (p < 0.0001). Patients with allograft involvement, treated with transplant nephrectomy alone (n = 20), had 80% survival versus 53% without allograft removal (n = 15) (p < 0.001). Overall survival was 69% for allograft involvement alone versus 36% for other organ involvement plus allograft (n = 19 alive) (p < 0.0001). Death risk was greater for multiple site PTLD and increasing age, and risks were additive. Univariate analysis identified increased death risk for those not receiving surgery, particularly allograft involvement alone.