Objective: There is evidence that Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP) is involved in the aetiology of myocardial infarction (MI). Randomised trials do not support a beneficial effect of antibiotics in secondary prevention of MI, but the evidence for an effect on primary prevention is conflicting. We investigated if past use of antibiotics active against CP is associated with a decreased risk of developing MI.
Methods: We conducted a population-based case-control study of 4166 patients hospitalised due to MI from 1 January 1994 to 1 September 1999 in the County of Funen, Denmark. Controls (n=16,664) were a random sample of inhabitants, matched for age and sex. Confounders controlled for in the analysis were gender, age, obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, previous MI and known atherosclerotic antecedents. Previous use of antibiotics active against CP (macrolides, tetracyclines and quinolones) and of antibiotics not active against CP (penicillins) was analysed among the cases and controls.
Results: The risk of MI was not associated with previous exposure to macrolides (OR: 1.0; CI: 0.9-1.1), tetracyclines (OR: 1.0; CI: 0.9-1.2) or quinolones (OR: 1.0; CI: 0.9-1.2) or combinations of the three drugs (OR: 1.0; CI: 0.9-1.1). There was no sign of a protective effect in subgroups defined by high cumulative doses of antibiotics, various time-windows of exposure, risk factors of MI or other co-morbidity. OR was 1.1 (0.9-1.3) in persons with no atherosclerotic antecedents.
Conclusion: The study does not support the hypothesis of a decreased risk of MI in patients exposed to antibiotics active against CP.