Objective: To assess neonatologists' attitudes and practices regarding treatment of extremely preterm infants in the delivery room, particularly in response to parental wishes.
Study design: Cross-sectional survey of all neonatologists in Sweden registered with the Swedish Pediatric Society.
Results: The response rate was 71% (88 of 124 neonatologists). At 24[1/7] to 24[6/7] weeks of gestation, 68% of neonatologists considered treatment clearly beneficial; at 25[1/7] to 25[6/7] weeks of gestation, 93% considered it clearly beneficial. When respondents consider treatment clearly beneficial, 97% reported that they would resuscitate in the delivery room despite parental requests to withhold treatment. At or below 23[0/7] weeks of gestation, 94% of neonatologists considered treatment futile. Nineteen percent reported that they would provide what they consider futile treatment at parental request. When respondents consider treatment to be of uncertain benefit, 99% reported that they would resuscitate when parents request it, 99% reported that they would resuscitate when parents are unsure, and 25% reported that they would follow parental requests to withhold treatment.
Conclusion: Although neonatologists' attitudes and practices varied, respondents to our survey in general envisioned little parental role in delivery room decision-making for extremely preterm infants.