Over the past two decades, scientific research has led to the development of a huge number of new health technologies, among which new vaccines. The decision process underlying the introduction of a new vaccine will be of particular concern in the future and a useful tool is needed to orientate decision makers towards better allocation of economic resources. Health Technology Assessment (HTA) is a multidisciplinary tool that aims to examine the clinical, economic, organizational, ethical, juridical, social and cultural implications of the introduction or the implementation of a specific technology; it could so represent an innovative and effective approach in order to support decision-making processes.