One large Australian family with X-linked retinal dystrophy was found to have extreme clinical variability in the hemizygotes. One member had the typical rod-cone disease, three had the cone-rod pattern and one had macroscopic changes in the macular area only, but with low potentials in the ERG. The locus for the disease was found to be distal to L1.28 at Xp21, the site for RP3. From a study of case histories reported it seems that clinical variability can be a common feature of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) with the locus at Xp11.3 (RP2) or at Xp21 (RP3), and this family may well be categorized as XLRP.