Extra-abdominal subcutaneous metastasis of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor: report of a case and a review of the literature

J Cutan Pathol. 2009 May;36(5):565-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2008.01067.x. Epub 2008 Oct 6.

Abstract

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) metastasize primarily within the peritoneal cavity and to the liver. Superficial soft tissue metastases occur in about 1% of advanced GIST and are mostly associated with abdominal laparotomy scars and advanced disease. Extra-abdominal subcutaneous metastases of GIST have not been previously reported. Subcutaneous spindle cell tumors constitute a diagnostic challenge of which the differential diagnostic list can be limited by recognition of morphological, immunohistochemical en molecular genetic patterns. A 69-year-old woman presented with a fast growing subcutaneous nodule on her right upper arm. She was known with an imatinib-resistant advanced GIST, treated with sunitinib. The nodule was excised. Histopathological examination revealed a sharply demarcated tumor nodule in the subcutaneous fat with slightly spindled tumor cells, with pleomorphic nuclei and multiple mitoses. There was a hemangiopericytomatous vascular pattern. The cells stained positive for CD117 (KIT) and CD34. No KIT or platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha mutations were detected. We report the first case of an extra-abdominal subcutaneous metastasis of GIST. Although rare, metastatic GIST should therefore be included in the differential diagnosis of subcutaneous spindle cell tumors. A comparative survey of the histological, immunohistochemical and molecular genetic features of spindle cell tumors of the subcutis and a review of the literature is presented.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use
  • Benzamides
  • Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis
  • Bone Neoplasms / drug therapy
  • Bone Neoplasms / secondary
  • Carcinoma / drug therapy
  • Carcinoma / metabolism
  • Carcinoma / secondary*
  • Female
  • Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors / drug therapy
  • Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors / metabolism
  • Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors / pathology*
  • Humans
  • Imatinib Mesylate
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Indoles / therapeutic use
  • Liver Neoplasms / drug therapy
  • Liver Neoplasms / secondary
  • Piperazines / therapeutic use
  • Pyrimidines / therapeutic use
  • Pyrroles / therapeutic use
  • Soft Tissue Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Soft Tissue Neoplasms / secondary*
  • Subcutaneous Fat / metabolism
  • Subcutaneous Fat / pathology*
  • Sunitinib

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Benzamides
  • Biomarkers, Tumor
  • Indoles
  • Piperazines
  • Pyrimidines
  • Pyrroles
  • Imatinib Mesylate
  • Sunitinib