Objective: To compare clinical characteristics among premenopausal women with coronary arterial disease (CAD) with or without atherosclerosis (AS) and postmenopausal women with CAD.
Methods: The clinical and coronary angiographic data, traditional risk factors (age, smoking, blood pressure, lipid profile, blood glucose, BMI, family history) were compared among premenopause (Pre-M, n=42) and post-menopause (Post-M, n=172) women with CAD as well as Pre-M patients with non-AS CAD (non-AS CAD, n=8).
Results: Compared with the Post-M patients with CAD, Pre-M CAD patients had significantly fewer traditional risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia, significantly more acute coronary syndrome and fewer previous history of chest pain, significantly more single vessel lesion and lower Gessini score (all P < 0. 01). The logistic regression results showed that obesity is an independent risk factor for the development of CAD in premenopausal women (OR = 3. 655, 95% CI: 1. 5-11.59, P = 0.028). Hypertension (OR = 4.73, 95% CI: 0.991-22.589, P = 0.051) and hypercholesterolemia (OR = 4.68, 95% CI: 0.971-22.564, P = 0.055) might also contribute to the development of CAD in these patients. Clinical characteristics were similar between Pre-M and non-AS CAD patients (P > 0.05).
Conclusions: Pre-M CAD patients had less traditional risk factors and lower coronary lesion score compared to post-M CAD patients. Obesity is an independent risk factor for Pre-M CAD. Non-AS coronary artery disease is also an important reason for the development of coronary arterial events in premenopausal women.