Antiretroviral therapy has ensured a reasonably good quality of life among HIV-infected individuals. Opportunistic infections/malignancies make immune system weaker and as these are associated with HIV infection, so need quick intervention. Emergencies in HIV infection occur due to opportunistic infections or due to antiretroviral therapy. Pulmonary emergencies, central nervous system emergencies, diarrhoeal diseases, ocular emergencies and other emergencies fall in the category of emergencies due to opportunistic infections. Emergencies related to antiretroviral therapy are: Lactic acidosis, hepatic necrosis, bone marrow suppression and rashes by non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor enzyme.